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|people=King Alexander II Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly John Shanks |functional status=Ruin |architectural type= Cathedral |style= Gothic }} Elgin Cathedral is a historic ruin in Elgin, Moray, north-east Scotland. The cathedral—dedicated to the Holy Trinity—was established in 1224 on land granted by King Alexander II outside the burgh of Elgin and close to the River Lossie. It replaced the cathedral at Spynie, to the north, that was served by a small chapter of eight clerics. The new and bigger cathedral was staffed with 18 canons in 1226 and then increased to 23 by 1242. After a damaging fire in 1270, a rebuilding programme greatly enlarged the building. It was unaffected by the Wars of Scottish Independence but again suffered extensive fire damage in 1390 following an attack by Robert III's brother Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, also known as the Wolf of Badenoch. In 1402 the cathedral precinct again suffered an incendiary attack by the followers of the Lord of the Isles. The number of clerics required to staff the cathedral continued to grow, as did the number of craftsmen needed to maintain the buildings and surrounds. The number of canons had increased to 25 by the time of the Scottish Reformation in 1560, when the cathedral was abandoned and its services transferred to Elgin's parish church of St Giles. After the removal of the lead that waterproofed the roof in 1567, the cathedral steadily fell into decay. Its deterioration was arrested in the 19th century, by which time the building was in a substantially ruinous condition. The cathedral went through periods of enlargement and renovation following the fires of 1270 and 1390 that included the doubling in length of the choir, the provision of outer aisles to the northern and southern walls of both the nave and choir. Today, these walls are at full height in places and at foundation level in others yet the overall cruciform shape is still discernible. A mostly intact octagonal chapter house dates from the major enlargement after the fire of 1270. The gable wall above the double door entrance that links the west towers is nearly complete and was rebuilt following the fire of 1390. It accommodates a large window opening that now only contains stub tracery work and fragments of a large rose window. Recessed and chest tombs in both transepts and in the south aisle of the choir contain effigies of bishops and knights, and large flat slabs in the now grass-covered floor of the cathedral mark the positions of early graves. The homes of the dignitaries and canons, or manses, stood in the chanonry and were destroyed by fire on three occasions: in 1270, 1390 and 1402. The two towers of the west front are mostly complete and were part of the first phase of construction. Only the precentor's manse is substantially intact; two others have been incorporated into private buildings. A protective wall of massive proportions surrounded the cathedral precinct, but only a small section has survived. The wall had four access gates, one of which—the Pans Port—still exists. ==Early cathedral churches of Moray== The Diocese of Moray was a regional bishopric unlike the pre-eminent see of the Scottish church, St Andrews, which had evolved from a more ancient monastic Celtic church and administered scattered localities.〔Barrow, ''Kingship and Unity'', pp. 67–68〕 It is uncertain whether there were bishops of Moray before c. 1120 〔Cowan, ''Medieval Religious Houses'', p. 206〕 but the first known prelate—possibly later translated to Dunkeld—was Gregory (or Gregoir). He was probably bishop in name only, with the first resident diocesan being Richard of Lincoln.〔Barrow, ''Kingship and Unity'', p. 68〕 Gregory was a signatory to the foundation charter of Scone Priory, issued by Alexander I (''Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim'') between December 1123 and April 1124,〔Watt, ''Fasti'', p. 278〕 and again in a charter defining the legal rights of the same monastery.〔Lawrie, ''Early Scottish Charters'', pp. 28–30, 44; notes and translation, pp. 279–88; See Kenneth Veitch, ''Replanting Paradise": Alexander I and the Reform of Religious Life in Scotland'' in ''The Innes Review'', 52 (Autumn 2001), pp. 140–6, for arguments about the date 1114.〕 He is recorded for the last time when he witnessed a charter granted by David I to Dunfermline Abbey in c. 1128.〔Lawrie, ''Early Scottish Charters'', p. 63〕 After the suppression of Óengus of Moray's rebellion in 1130, King David must have regarded the continued presence of bishops in Moray as essential to the stability of the province.〔Alan Orr Anderson, ''Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286'', 2 Vols (Edinburgh, 1922), vol. ii, pp. 173–4, 183; Alan Orr Anderson, ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286'' (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991), pp. 158, 166; for confusion with "Malcom MacHeth", and analysis, see Richard Oram, ''David: The King Who Made Scotland'' (Gloucestershire, 2004), pp. 77, 84–7, 90–1, 93, 101, 113–5, 117–8, 189.〕〔Fawcett, ''Elgin Cathedral'', p. 5〕 These early bishops had no settled location for their cathedral, and sited it successively at the churches of Birnie, Kinneddar and Spynie.〔Cowan & Easson, ''Medieval Religious Houses'', p. 206〕 Pope Innocent III issued an apostolic bull on 7 April 1206 that allowed bishop Bricius de Douglas to fix his cathedral church at Spynie—its inauguration was held between spring 1207 and summer 1208.〔Cant, ''Historic Elgin and its Cathedral'', p. 21〕 A chapter of five dignitaries and three ordinary canons was authorised and based its constitution on that of Lincoln Cathedral.〔Cant, ''Historic Elgin and its Cathedral'', pp. 21–2〕 Elgin became the lay centre of the province under David I, who probably established the first castle in the town,〔〔Oram, ''Moray & Badenoch'', p. 119〕 and it may have been this castle, with its promise of better security, that prompted Bricius, before July 1216, to petition the Pope to move the seat from Spynie.〔Lost Episcopal Acta〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elgin Cathedral」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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